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                    第1章 你好，并发世界
            
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                    1.5 本章总结
            
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                    第2章 线程管理
            
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                    2.1 线程的基本操作
            
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                    2.2 传递参数
            
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                    2.3 转移所有权
            
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                    2.4 确定线程数量
            
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                    2.5 线程标识
            
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                    2.6 本章总结
            
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                    第3章 共享数据
            
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                    3.1 共享数据的问题
            
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                    3.2 使用互斥量
            
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                    3.3 保护共享数据的方式
            
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                    3.4 本章总结
            
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                    第4章 同步操作
            
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                    4.1 等待事件或条件
            
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                    4.2 使用future
            
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                    4.3 限时等待
            
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                    4.4 简化代码
            
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                    4.5 本章总结
            
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                    第5章 内存模型和原子操作
            
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                    5.1 内存模型
            
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                    5.2 原子操作和原子类型
            
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                    5.3 同步操作和强制排序
            
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                    5.4 本章总结
            
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                    第6章 设计基于锁的并发数据结构
            
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                    6.1 并发设计的意义
            
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                    6.2 基于锁的并发数据结构
            
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                    6.3 设计更加复杂的数据结构
            
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                    6.4 本章总结
            
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                    第7章 设计无锁的并发数据结构
            
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                    7.1 定义和意义
            
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                    7.2 无锁数据结构的例子
            
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                    7.3 设计无锁数据结构的指导建议
            
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                    7.4 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15" data-path="../chapter8/8.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    第8章 并发设计
            
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                    8.1 线程间划分工作
            
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                    8.2 并发代码的性能
            
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                    8.3 为多线程性能设计数据结构
            
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                    8.4 设计并发代码的注意事项
            
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                    8.5 在实践中设计并发代码
            
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                    8.6 本章总结
            
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                    第9章 高级线程管理
            
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                    9.1 线程池
            
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                    9.2 中断线程
            
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                    9.3 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17" data-path="../chapter10/10.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    第10章 并行算法
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17.1" data-path="../chapter10/10.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    10.1 并行化标准库算法
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17.2" data-path="../chapter10/10.2-chinese.html">
            
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                    10.2 执行策略
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17.3" data-path="../chapter10/10.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    10.3 C++标准库中的并行算法
            
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                    10.4 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18" data-path="../chapter11/11.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    第11章 测试和调试多线程应用
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.1" data-path="../chapter11/11.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    11.1 与并发相关的Bug
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.2" data-path="../chapter11/11.2-chinese.html">
            
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                    11.2 定位并发Bug的技巧
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.3" data-path="../chapter11/11.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    11.3 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19" data-path="A.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    附录A C++11特性简明参考(部分)
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.1" data-path="A.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.1 右值引用
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.2" data-path="A.2-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.2 删除函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.3" data-path="A.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.3 默认函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.4" data-path="A.4-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.4 常量表达式函数
            
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        <li class="chapter active" data-level="1.19.5" data-path="A.5-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.5 Lambda函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.6" data-path="A.6-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.6 变参模板
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.7" data-path="A.7-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.7 自动推导变量类型
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.8" data-path="A.8-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.8 线程本地变量
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.9" data-path="A.9-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.9 模板类参数的推导
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.10" data-path="A.10-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.10 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.20" data-path="../appendix_B/B.0-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_B/B.0-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    附录B 并发库简要对比
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.21" data-path="../appendix_C/C.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    附录C 消息传递框架与完整的ATM示例
            
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                    附录D C++线程类库参考
            
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                    D.2 condition_variable头文件
            
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        <a href="../.." >A.5 Lambda函数</a>
    </h1>
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                                <section class="normal markdown-section">
                                
                                <h1 id="a5-lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;">A.5 Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;</h1>
<p>Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5728;C++11&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x52A0;&#x5165;&#x5F88;&#x662F;&#x4EE4;&#x4EBA;&#x5174;&#x594B;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x5927;&#x5927;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x5EA6;(&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x7CD6;&#xFF1A;&#x5229;&#x4E8E;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;)&#xFF0C;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x3002;C++11&#x7684;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x5728;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x3002;&#x80FD;&#x4E3A;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;<code>std::condition_variable</code>(&#x5982;&#x540C;4.1.1&#x8282;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;)&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x5F88;&#x597D;&#x8C13;&#x8BCD;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x8BED;&#x4E49;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x53EF;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x975E;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7C7B;&#x4E2D;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6765;&#x5BF9;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Lambda&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x5C31;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x81EA;&#x7ED9;&#x81EA;&#x8DB3;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4F20;&#x5165;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4EC5;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x548C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0D;&#x7528;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;Lambda&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x8BED;&#x4E49;&#x90FD;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5C01;&#x95ED;&#x5728;&#x62EC;&#x53F7;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x8981;&#x4EE5;&#x65B9;&#x62EC;&#x53F7;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++">[]{  <span class="hljs-comment">// Lambda&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x4EE5;[]&#x5F00;&#x59CB;</span>
  do_stuff();
  do_more_stuff();
}();  <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x7ED3;&#x675F;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8C03;&#x7528;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;Lambda&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x62EC;&#x53F7;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x4E0D;&#x5E38;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x60F3;&#x8981;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x5199;&#x5B8C;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x540E;&#x5C31;&#x5BF9;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x8FDB;&#x53BB;&#x65F6;&#x5F88;&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#x4E8B;&#x60C5;&#xFF0C;&#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5C06;&#x53EF;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x5176;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4F20;&#x5165;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4E5F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x4EA6;&#x6216;&#x4E24;&#x8005;&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x60F3;&#x7ED9;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8D77;&#x6765;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x662F;&#x5C06;vector&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>std::cout</code>&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>&gt; data=make_data();
<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::for_each(data.begin(),data.end(),[](<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i){<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;i&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-string">&quot;\n&quot;</span>;});
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F53;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;return&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5C31;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;Lambda&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6765;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;<code>std::condition_variable</code>(&#x89C1;4.1.1&#x8282;)&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x88AB;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4EE3;&#x7801;A.4 Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x63A8;&#x5BFC;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::condition_variable cond;
<span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> data_ready;
<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::mutex m;
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">wait_for_data</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>
</span>{
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::unique_lock&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::mutex&gt; lk(m);
  cond.wait(lk,[]{<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> data_ready;});  <span class="hljs-comment">// 1</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>Lambda&#x7684;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x7ED9;cond.wait()&#x2460;&#xFF0C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;&#x51FA;data_ready&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x662F;bool&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4ECE;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x4E2D;&#x82CF;&#x9192;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0A;&#x9501;&#x9636;&#x6BB5;&#x4F1A;&#x8C03;&#x7528;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5F53;data_ready&#x4E3A;true&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x5230;wait()&#x4E2D;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F53;&#x4E2D;&#x6709;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;return&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x505A;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x8BA9;&#x4F60;&#x7684;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F53;&#x770B;&#x8D77;&#x6765;&#x66F4;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x3002;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8DDF;&#x5728;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x7BAD;&#x5934;(-&gt;)&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5305;&#x542B;(&#x7A7A;)&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x505A;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x80FD;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x9884;&#x6D4B;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5199;&#x6210;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++">cond.wait(lk,[]()-&gt;<span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>{<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> data_ready;});
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5BF9;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;&#x52A0;&#x4E0A;log&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x7684;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x505A;&#x66F4;&#x52A0;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++">cond.wait(lk,[]()-&gt;<span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>{
  <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(data_ready)
  {
    <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;&#x201D;Data ready&#x201D;&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
  }
  <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>
  {
    <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;&#x201D;Data not ready, resuming wait&#x201D;&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
  }
});
</code></pre>
<p>&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5F88;&#x5F3A;&#x5927;&#xFF0C;&#x80FD;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x5176;&#x771F;&#x6B63;&#x7684;&#x5F3A;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x65B9;&#x5728;&#x4E8E;&#x5BF9;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="a51-&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;">A.5.1 &#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;</h2>
<p>Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7A7A;&#x7684;<code>[]</code>(Lambda introducer)&#x5C31;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF1B;&#x5176;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x503C;&#x4EE5;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x60F3;&#x8981;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5BF9;&#x5176;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x90FD;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>[=]</code>&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x3002;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x88AB;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x5BF9;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x526F;&#x672C;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5B9E;&#x8DF5;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::function&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)&gt; make_offseter(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> offset)
{
  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> [=](<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> j){<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> offset+j;};
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x8C03;&#x7528;make_offseter&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>std::function&lt;&gt;</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5305;&#x88C5;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F53;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x5BF9;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x504F;&#x79FB;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>
</span>{
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::function&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)&gt; offset_42=make_offseter(<span class="hljs-number">42</span>);
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::function&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)&gt; offset_123=make_offseter(<span class="hljs-number">123</span>);
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;offset_42(<span class="hljs-number">12</span>)&lt;&lt;&#x201D;,&#x201C;&lt;&lt;offset_123(<span class="hljs-number">12</span>)&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;offset_42(<span class="hljs-number">12</span>)&lt;&lt;&#x201D;,&#x201C;&lt;&lt;offset_123(<span class="hljs-number">12</span>)&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5C4F;&#x5E55;&#x4E0A;&#x5C06;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x51FA;54,135&#x4E24;&#x6B21;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x4ECE;make_offseter&#x4E2D;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#xFF0C;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x52A0;42&#x3002;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x6B21;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;make_offseter&#x4F1A;&#x5BF9;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x52A0;&#x4E0A;123&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x4E24;&#x6B21;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x76F8;&#x5F53;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x4E1C;&#x897F;&#x90FD;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5BF9;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x53EF;&#x5728;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E4B;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x65B9;&#x5BF9;&#x5176;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x552F;&#x4E00;&#x7684;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x88AB;&#x9500;&#x6BC1;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F1A;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x672A;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#x600E;&#x4E48;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>[&amp;]</code>&#x5BF9;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>
</span>{
  <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> offset=<span class="hljs-number">42</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// 1</span>
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::function&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)&gt; offset_a=[&amp;](<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> j){<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> offset+j;};  <span class="hljs-comment">// 2</span>
  offset=<span class="hljs-number">123</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// 3</span>
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::function&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)&gt; offset_b=[&amp;](<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> j){<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> offset+j;};  <span class="hljs-comment">// 4</span>
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;offset_a(<span class="hljs-number">12</span>)&lt;&lt;&#x201D;,&#x201D;&lt;&lt;offset_b(<span class="hljs-number">12</span>)&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// 5</span>
  offset=<span class="hljs-number">99</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// 6</span>
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;offset_a(<span class="hljs-number">12</span>)&lt;&lt;&#x201D;,&#x201D;&lt;&lt;offset_b(<span class="hljs-number">12</span>)&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// 7</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>[=]</code>&#x6765;&#x5BF9;&#x8981;&#x504F;&#x79FB;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#xFF0C;offset_a&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4E2A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>[&amp;]</code>&#x6355;&#x83B7;offset&#x7684;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x2461;&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#xFF0C;offset&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x6210;42&#x4E5F;&#x6CA1;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#x2460;&#xFF1B;offset_a(12)&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4F1A;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x4E0E;&#x5F53;&#x524D;offset&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x2462;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;offset&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x4F1A;&#x53D8;&#x4E3A;123&#xFF0C;offset_b&#x2463;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#xFF0C;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x884C;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x2464;&#xFF0C;offset&#x4E3A;123&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x4E3A;135,135&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x884C;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x2466;&#x5C31;&#x6709;&#x6240;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#xFF0C;offset&#x53D8;&#x6210;99&#x2465;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x4E3A;111,111&#x3002;offset_a&#x548C;offset_b&#x90FD;&#x5BF9;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x503C;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x52A0;12&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x9009;&#x9879;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x8BA9;&#x4F60;&#x611F;&#x89C9;&#x5230;&#x7279;&#x522B;&#x56F0;&#x60D1;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x4EE5;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x6216;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x5BF9;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8C03;&#x6574;&#x4E2D;&#x62EC;&#x53F7;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x6765;&#x5BF9;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x60F3;&#x8981;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>[=]</code>&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x4E2D;&#x62EC;&#x53F7;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x51FA;1239&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;i&#x662F;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x8FDB;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;j&#x548C;k&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>
</span>{
  <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i=<span class="hljs-number">1234</span>,j=<span class="hljs-number">5678</span>,k=<span class="hljs-number">9</span>;
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::function&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>()&gt; f=[=,&amp;j,&amp;k]{<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> i+j+k;};
  i=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
  j=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>;
  k=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;f()&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6216;&#x8005;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x5BF9;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x505A;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x5BF9;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x7279;&#x522B;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x8981;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>[&amp;]</code>&#x4E0E;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x76F8;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x5BF9;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x5C06;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x51FA;5688&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;i&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;j&#x548C;k&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>
</span>{
  <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i=<span class="hljs-number">1234</span>,j=<span class="hljs-number">5678</span>,k=<span class="hljs-number">9</span>;
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::function&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>()&gt; f=[&amp;,j,k]{<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> i+j+k;};
  i=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
  j=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>;
  k=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;f()&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x53EA;&#x60F3;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x67D0;&#x4E9B;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;=&#x6216;&amp;&#xFF0C;&#x4EC5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x540D;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x5C31;&#x884C;&#x3002;&#x52A0;&#x4E0A;&amp;&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x975E;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x5C06;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x51FA;5682&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;i&#x548C;k&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x8303;&#x5F0F;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;j&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>
</span>{
  <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i=<span class="hljs-number">1234</span>,j=<span class="hljs-number">5678</span>,k=<span class="hljs-number">9</span>;
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::function&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>()&gt; f=[&amp;i,j,&amp;k]{<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> i+j+k;};
  i=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
  j=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>;
  k=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;f()&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;&#x9884;&#x671F;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x80FD;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x5728;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x4E0D;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x5F15;&#x8D77;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x8981;&#x5C0F;&#x5FC3;&#x7C7B;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x7684;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x7C7B;&#x4E2D;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Lambda&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x3002;&#x7C7B;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x60F3;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;Lambda&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7C7B;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5728;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;this&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;Lambda&#x6355;&#x83B7;this&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5230;some_data&#x7C7B;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> X
{
  <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> some_data;
  <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">foo</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>&gt;&amp; vec)</span>
  </span>{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::for_each(vec.begin(),vec.end(),
         [<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>](<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>&amp; i){i+=some_data;});
  }
};
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;Lambda&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x6709;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x8C13;&#x8BCD;&#x653E;&#x5728;<code>std::condition_variable::wait()</code>(&#x89C1;4.1.1&#x8282;)&#x548C;<code>std::packaged_task&lt;&gt;</code>(&#x89C1;4.2.1&#x8282;)&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x662F;&#x7528;&#x5728;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x6C60;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x5C0F;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6253;&#x5305;&#x3002;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;<code>std::thread</code>&#x7684;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x51FD;&#x6570;(&#x89C1;2.1.1)&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5E76;&#x884C;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;parallel_for_each()(&#x89C1;8.5.1&#x8282;)&#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
<p>C++14&#x540E;&#xFF0C;Lambda&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x662F;&#x771F;&#x6B63;&#x901A;&#x7528;Lamdba&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x88AB;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x4E3A;auto&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8FD0;&#x7B97;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x8C03;&#x7528;Lambda&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x53EF;&#x4ECE;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x63A8;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-keyword">auto</span> f=[](<span class="hljs-keyword">auto</span> x){ <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;&#x201D;x=&#x201D;&lt;&lt;x&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;};
f(<span class="hljs-number">42</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// x is of type int; outputs &#x201C;x=42&#x201D;</span>
f(&#x201C;hello&#x201D;); <span class="hljs-comment">// x is of type const char*; outputs &#x201C;x=hello&#x201D;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>C++14&#x8FD8;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x5E7F;&#x4E49;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x7684;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x6216;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x53EA;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x6765;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++">std::future&lt;int&gt; spawn_async_task(){
  std::promise&lt;int&gt; p;
  auto f=p.get_future();
  std::thread t([p=std::move(p)](){ p.set_value(find_the_answer());});
  t.detach();
  return f;
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#xFF0C;promise&#x901A;&#x8FC7;p=std::move(p)&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x79FB;&#x5230;Lambda&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x5730;&#x5206;&#x79BB;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x7528;&#x62C5;&#x5FC3;&#x5BF9;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x60AC;&#x7A7A;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;Lambda&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;p&#x5904;&#x4E8E;&#x8F6C;&#x79FB;&#x8FC7;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x63D0;&#x524D;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;future&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x3002;</p>

                                
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